Neo-Nazi Groups Rise in Brazil

2023-06-23

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1
  • Last November, Andrea Muller was organizing an event for Haitian immigrants in the southern Brazilian state of Santa Catarina.
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  • Just hours before the event, she received a frightening message.
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  • "Cancel the Haiti exhibition or we will commit a massacre," read the subject line of the email, seen by Reuters.
  • 4
  • "Santa Catarina is a land of WHITE PEOPLE, FOR WHITE PEOPLE," the unnamed sender wrote.
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  • They signed off with the Nazi salute "SIEG HEIL."
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  • The event went ahead without any problems and with police present.
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  • But the email is a sign of a small but rising number of cases of neo-Nazism in Brazil.
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  • The cases have increased after far-right politics strengthened during former President Jair Bolsonaro's 2019-2023 term.
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  • Bolsonaro was widely criticized for his defense of Brazil's military dictatorship from 1964 to 1985.
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  • Critics say his anti-democratic attacks on the country's voting system in last year's election endangered the country's native people.
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  • Brazil's 1989 racism law punishes the use of symbols connected to Nazism such as the swastika.
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  • Speech considered "apologies for the regime of Adolf Hitler" is not protected under freedom of speech laws in Brazil.
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  • The police force said it has opened 21 investigations into the production, sale, sending or showing of swastikas so far this year.
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  • That is up from just one in 2018, the year Bolsonaro was elected.
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  • Some experts say the problem is worse than the numbers show.
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  • In two school attacks this year, the suspects wore armbands with Nazi swastikas.
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  • Researchers at Sao Paulo state's Unicamp University have found that the number of neo-Nazi groups in Brazil has increased more than 10 times since 2015.
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  • The Unicamp researchers said Bolsonaro had "fueled" the rise of such groups.
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  • Guilherme Franco de Andrade is an expert on the far right at the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul.
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  • He said neo-Nazism was clearly a growing problem but did not place all the blame on the former president.
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  • Instead, he said its growth was more likely tied to growing conservatism after years of corrupt leftist administrations.
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  • "To credit Bolsonaro directly with any leadership ... is a mistake," he said.
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  • The problem of neo-Nazism is especially bad in Santa Catarina.
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  • That is a state where many have German and Italian ancestry.
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  • The state has the largest proportion of white residents in Brazil, with 84 percent.
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  • Arthur Lopes leads investigations into neo-Nazi groups.
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  • In November, Lopes' team arrested eight suspected neo-Nazis who called themselves Crew 38.
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  • Several of the men were tattooed with Nazi symbols and English phrases like "White Power."
  • 29
  • During the raid, Lopes' team found red, white, and black flags, and T-shirts with the symbol of the Hammerskins, a group connected to an American neo-Nazi organization.
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  • There were also recordings of what Lopes called "white supremacist bands."
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  • Lopes said he suspects they were selling them to Hammerskins groups in the United States and Europe.
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  • Lopes said charging those connected to Nazism can be difficult under Brazilian law, which he called "weak" and "outdated."
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  • The use of symbols other than the swastika that refer to the Nazi regime generally goes unpunished.
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  • I'm Dan Novak.